Source: High school physics (Chinese)
Problem Sets:
Problem
A 20 g ball falls vertically, hitting the horizontal ground at 5 m/s. It bounces back with a speed of 3 m/s. The contact time with the ground is 0.02 s. Air resistance is negligible.
Let upward be the positive direction. The initial velocity is $v_i = -5$ m/s, and the final velocity is $v_f = 3$ m/s. During the collision, the net force on the ball is the sum of the average normal force from the ground $\bar{F}_N$ and gravity $-mg$. The impulse-momentum theorem gives $(\bar{F}_N - mg)\Delta t = m(v_f - v_i)$. The average normal force exerted by the ground on the ball is:
$$\bar{F}_N = \frac{m(v_f - v_i)}{\Delta t} + mg$$By Newton's third law, the force exerted by the ball on the ground has the same magnitude.
$$\bar{F}_N = \frac{0.02 \text{ kg}(3 \text{ m/s} - (-5 \text{ m/s}))}{0.02 \text{ s}} + (0.02 \text{ kg})(9.8 \text{ m/s}^2)$$