Source: High school physics (Chinese)
Problem Sets:
Problem
A car of mass $m$ is driving over an arched bridge. The top of the bridge can be approximated as a circular arc with radius $R$.
The force exerted by the car on the bridge is $F_{pressure} = m(g - v^2/R)$.
At the top of the bridge, the car is undergoing uniform circular motion. The forces acting on the car are the gravitational force $F_g = mg$ (downwards) and the normal force $N$ from the bridge (upwards). The net force provides the required centripetal force, $F_c = mv^2/R$, which is directed downwards towards the center of the circular arc.
Applying Newton's second law in the vertical direction (taking downwards as positive):
$$ \sum F = ma_c $$ $$ mg - N = \frac{mv^2}{R} $$Solving for the normal force $N$ exerted by the bridge on the car:
$$ N = mg - \frac{mv^2}{R} $$By Newton's third law, the force exerted by the car on the bridge, $F_{pressure}$, is equal in magnitude and opposite in direction to the normal force $N$.
$$ F_{pressure} = N = mg - \frac{mv^2}{R} = m \left( g - \frac{v^2}{R} \right) $$