Source: High school physics (Chinese)
Problem Sets:
Problem
A car of mass $m_1$ pulls a trailer of mass $m_2$ along a horizontal road. The traction force on the car is $F$. The car and trailer experience resistance forces of $f_1$ and $f_2$, respectively.
- Find the acceleration of the system.
- Find the tension force in the coupling between the car and the trailer.
[Q1] $a = \frac{F - f_1 - f_2}{m_1 + m_2}$ [Q2] $T = \frac{m_2(F - f_1) + m_1 f_2}{m_1 + m_2}$
Consider the car and trailer as a single system with total mass $M = m_1 + m_2$. The net external force on the system is the traction force minus the total resistance force.
Applying Newton's second law to the entire system:
$$F - f_1 - f_2 = (m_1 + m_2)a$$Solving for the acceleration $a$:
$$a = \frac{F - f_1 - f_2}{m_1 + m_2}$$To find the tension force $T$, we can isolate the trailer (mass $m_2$). The forces acting on the trailer are the tension $T$ pulling it forward and the resistance $f_2$ opposing its motion.
Applying Newton's second law to the trailer:
$$T - f_2 = m_2 a$$Solving for $T$ and substituting the expression for $a$:
$$T = m_2 a + f_2 = m_2 \left( \frac{F - f_1 - f_2}{m_1 + m_2} \right) + f_2$$Simplifying the expression for $T$:
$$T = \frac{m_2(F - f_1 - f_2) + f_2(m_1 + m_2)}{m_1 + m_2} = \frac{m_2 F - m_2 f_1 + m_1 f_2}{m_1 + m_2}$$