Final Speed of a Man and Sandbag

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Dynamics Beginner Newton's Law

Source: Principles of Physics

Problem

A man of mass $m_1$ lowers himself to the ground from a height $h$ by holding a rope that runs over a frictionless pulley to a sandbag of mass $m_2$. The system starts from rest, and we assume $m_1 > m_2$.

With what speed $v$ does the man hit the ground?
$$v = \sqrt{\frac{2(m_1-m_2)gh}{m_1+m_2}}$$

We can solve this using the principle of conservation of mechanical energy, as there are no non-conservative forces like friction. The system consists of the man, the sandbag, and the Earth. Let the ground be the zero potential energy level ($U=0$).

The initial energy of the system ($E_i$), when the man is at height $h$ and everything is at rest, is purely potential energy:

$$E_i = K_i + U_i = 0 + m_1gh + m_2g(0) = m_1gh$$

The final energy of the system ($E_f$), when the man hits the ground and the sandbag is at height $h$, has both kinetic and potential energy. Both objects move with the same speed $v$.

$$E_f = K_f + U_f = \frac{1}{2}(m_1+m_2)v^2 + m_1g(0) + m_2gh = \frac{1}{2}(m_1+m_2)v^2 + m_2gh$$

By conservation of energy, $E_i = E_f$:

$$m_1gh = \frac{1}{2}(m_1+m_2)v^2 + m_2gh$$

Now, we solve for the final speed $v$:

$$(m_1-m_2)gh = \frac{1}{2}(m_1+m_2)v^2$$ $$v^2 = \frac{2(m_1-m_2)gh}{m_1+m_2}$$