Load Distribution for a Heavy Beam

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Rotational Motion Beginner rigid body balance

Source: High school physics (Chinese)

Problem Sets:

Rigid body - 1111

Problem

Three people are carrying a uniform heavy beam. One person lifts one end, and the other two people use a massless crossbar to lift the beam.

Where should the crossbar be placed so that the weight of the beam is shared equally among the three people?

The crossbar should be placed at 3/4 of the beam's length from the person lifting the end alone.

Let the total weight of the uniform beam be $W$ and its length be $L$. The center of gravity is at $L/2$ from either end. For the load to be shared equally, each person supports a force of $W/3$. The first person lifts one end (let's call it A, at position $x=0$) with an upward force $F_1 = W/3$. The other two people use a crossbar, so the total upward force from the crossbar is $F_{23} = W/3 + W/3 = 2W/3$. Let the position of the crossbar be $x$.

For the beam to be in rotational equilibrium, the net torque about any point must be zero. Taking torques about end A:

$$\sum \tau_A = F_{23} \cdot x - W \cdot \frac{L}{2} = 0$$ $$\left(\frac{2W}{3}\right)x = W\frac{L}{2}$$

Solving for $x$:

$$x = \frac{3}{2W} \cdot \frac{WL}{2} = \frac{3}{4}L$$

The crossbar should be placed at a distance of $3/4$ of the beam's length from the end held by the single person.